中文版本
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1978 年 1 月 1 日(含)之后创作并首次定稿的作品
• 个人作者:版权保护期为“作者终身 + 70 年”。
• 多名作者的共同作品:保护期为“最后一位作者去世后 + 70 年”。
• 匿名、化名或“职务作品 / 雇佣作品(work made for hire)”:保护期为“自首次发表之日起 95 年”,或“自创作完成之日起 120 年”,以先到期者为准。
1978 年以前已发表的作品
• 原始保护期 28 年 + 可续展 67 年,合计最长 95 年。
• 1964–1977 年间仍处在第一个 28 年保护期内的作品,其续展权自动生效,无需额外办理。
• 1927 年(含)以前发表的作品已进入公有领域(截至 2024 年的时间点)。
未曾发表、在 1978 年以前创作但 1978 年以后首次发表的作品
• 适用“作者终身 + 70 年”,但不早于 2003 年、也不迟于 2047 年到期。
联邦政府创作的官方文件(U.S. Government Works)
• 不享有版权,公众可自由使用。
特殊情况
• 如果作者将版权转让给公司或继承人,仅改变所有权,不改变保护期。
• 音乐录音、电影等可能同时涉及多层版权(乐谱、录音、剧本、音像制品);各层版权期限独立计算。
英文版本
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Works created and fixed on or after January 1, 1978
• Sole authorship: “life of the author PLUS 70 years.”
• Joint works: 70 years after the death of the last surviving author.
• Anonymous, pseudonymous, or works made for hire: “95 years from first publication OR 120 years from creation,” whichever expires first.
Works first published before 1978
• Initial term of 28 years + renewal term of 67 years, for a total maximum of 95 years.
• For works published between 1964 and 1977, the renewal term vests automatically—no filing is required.
• Anything published in 1927 or earlier is now in the public domain (as of 2024).
Unpublished works created before 1978 but first published after 1977
• Protected for the longer of “life of the author + 70 years” OR until at least 2003, but no later than 2047.
U.S. Government Works
• Works prepared by officers or employees of the U.S. federal government as part of their official duties are not subject to copyright and are in the public domain from the outset.
Special notes
• Transferring or inheriting copyright affects ownership, not the term length.
• Complex works (e.g., films, sound recordings) may embody multiple layers of copyright, each with its own term.